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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Tangshen Formula (, TSF), a Chinese herbal medicine, on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the colon of diabetic rats.@*METHODS@#Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC, n=14) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups (n=40). After 6 weeks, the rats in the HFD group were injected intraperitoneally streptozotocin once (30 mg/kg). Thirty rats with fasting blood glucose higher than 11.7 mmol/L were randomly divided into diabetes (DM) and TSF groups, 15 rats in each group. Rats in the NC and DM groups were intragastrically administered with saline, and those in the TSF group were given with TSF (2.4 g/kg) once daily for 20 weeks. Expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in colonic smooth muscle layer were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The number of ICC was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Immunofluorescence was used for analyzing the ratio of classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2) to total macrophages. Electron microscopy was used to observe the epithelial ultrastructure and junctions.@*RESULTS@#TSF appeared to partially prevented loss of ICC in DM rats (P<0.05). Compared with the NC group, expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and TNF-α as well as the ratio of M1 to total macrophages increased in DM rats (all P<0.05), and the ratio of M2 to total macrophages decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the DM group, TSF decreased the expression levels of abovementioned proteins and restore M2 to total macrophages ratio (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TSF appeared to attenuate the ultrastructural changes of epithelia and improve the tight and desmosome junctions between epithelia reduced in the DM rats.@*CONCLUSION@#Reduced number of ICC in DM rats may be associated with damage of the intestinal barrier. The protective effects of TSF on ICC may be through repair of the epithelial junctions, which attenuates inflammation and inflammation-initiated apoptosis in colon of DM rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Colon , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Interstitial Cells of Cajal , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between duration of sleeping and cerebral infarction.Methods A case-control study involved 1037 cerebral infarction patients admitted by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,December 2011-December 2012 as cases.Another 1205 adults free from cerebro-vascular diseases who had undergone physical examination in the hospital at the same period,were served as controls.All the subjects were interviewed with unified questionnaire.Chi-square test,u-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.Results After adjustment for potential confounding factors including age,sex,body mass index,wrist-hip ratio,smoking,alcohol intake,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,coronary artery disease and lipid parameters,data from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of cerebral infarction was greater in people who slept less than 6 hours per night than those who slept between 6 hours and 8 hours per night,with an odds ratio (95％ CI) as 2.81 (95％ CI:1.68-4.70).There was no significant association between factor as ‘sleeping longer than 8 hours/pre day' and cerebral infarction.Through the subgroup analysis,data showed that the association between ‘ shorter than 6 hour sleep/night' and cerebral infarction consistently exsited,across the categories of sex,and the degree of association was greater in women than in men,with the odds ratio as 5.58 (95％CI:1.78-17.52) and 2.00(95％CI:1.10-3.64) respectively.Conclusion Short sleeping duration might increase the risk of developing cerebral infarction.
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Objective To investigate the associations between polymorphisms of organic cation transporter OCTN1/2 (organic cation transporter 1/2) and the susceptibility of Crohn' s disease (CD) through a meta-analysis.Methods Databases of PubMed,EMBASE,MedLine,and CNKI (Chinese),Wanfang (Chinese) were searched for published case control studies on the association between polymorphisms of OCTN1/2 gene and the susceptibility of CD which were published before September 2012.The meta-analysis was applied with Review Manager 4.2 software and Stata 10.0 software.Results Nineteen eligible studies,including 14 from Europeans,3 from Asians,1 from Oceania,and 1 from the US were included in the meta-analysis.In total,significant associations were found between OCTN1/2 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of CD for all genetic models.In subgroup analyses,significant associations were found in the European population for OCTN1/2.Associations were not significant in the non-European population for OCTN1 (TT vs.CT:OR=1.25,95％CI:0.75-1.98,P=0.34; TT vs.CC+CT:OR=l.48,95％CI:0.95-2.29,P=0.08) and for OCTN2 (CC vs.GC:OR=1.03,95％CI:0.68-1.56,P=0.89; CC vs.GG + GC:OR=1.23,95％CI:0.83-1.82,P=0.31).However,there were significant associations found between OCTN1/2(TT vs.CC,TT+CT vs.CC,CC vs.GG,CC + GC vs.GG) polymorphisms and the susceptibility of CD found in the nonEuropean population.Conclusion Results from this meta-analysis suggested that OCTN1/2 polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility of CD in the European population.Associations between OCTN1/2 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of CD in the non-European population required searching for large samples to confirm the findings.
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Objective To study the influence of central obesity on clustering of other metabolic syndrome (MS) risk variables among adults with normal body mass index.Methods Through cluster multistage and random sampling methods,local people aged ＞35 years old with normal body mass index (BMI=18.5-24.9 kg/m2) in Lanxi country were selected.Overnight fasting blood specimens of these people were collected.Chi-square test,analysis of covariance,and logistic regression analyses were performed.Results (1) 1821 residents were surveyed including 844 male and 977 female subjects.The overall prevalence of MS was 8.68％ and the overall prevalence of central obesity was 15.87％.Both prevalence rates of the two diseases appeared to be lower in males than in females(MS:3.32％ vs.13.31％; center obesity:5.57％ vs.24.77％,all P＜0.001 ).(2) The overall positive rate of clustering on other MS risk variable was 36.02％,with 34.12％ in males and 37.67％ in females.Comparing the subjects who did not have central obesity,those subjects wth central obesity had higher positive rate in other MS risk variables.(3) Data from analysis of covariance showed that the level of waist circumference appeared an upward trend along with the count of other MS risk variables (all P＜0.001 ).(4) Data from multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that central obesity was a risk factor on clustering of other MS risk variables.Conclusion Control the level of waist circumference among normal body mass index was an effective method in preventing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adults.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study HPeV from stool samples of children with acute gastroenteritis under 5 years old.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a real-time PCR to detect HPeV from stool samples and to amply VP1 sequence by nested RT-PCR to identify HPeV type.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that 27 of 306 (8.82%) children with acute gastroenteritis were infected HPeV. 11 strains were typed. 9 strains HPeV1, both HPeV2 and HPeV4 was 1 strain. HPeV was mostly identified in autumn season with a peak in July. HPeV seemed relevant in children >2 years old. The range of nucleotide identity between all isolated strains with reference strains was 79%-92%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Epidemiology characteristic of HPeV in Jilin was concordance with that of reports. HPeV3 wasnt detected. It's significant to conduct the large scale and long-term surveillance of HPeV.</p>
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Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Acute Disease , Gastroenteritis , Epidemiology , Virology , Parechovirus , Classification , Genetics , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Objective To study the sero-epidemiological starus regarding Rickettsia (R.) typhi,Bartonella (B.) henselae and Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of Tianjin.Methods Field epidemiological surveys were performed in 8 districts (county) of Tianjin city from 2007 to 2009.886 farmers were randomly recruited and their serum samples collected to detect the specific antibodies of R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi by micro-indirect immunoflorescence (IFA).Results The total antibody positive rates of R.typhi increased from 5.0% to 58.2% while B.heaselae had an increase from 2.6% to 14.5% and O.tsutsugamushi increased from 1.8% to 39.8%.Geographic distribution showed that farmers living in the central and southeast areas were higher than that in other areas.Conclusion Infections of both R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi in farmers from Tianjin areas were popular and the antibody positive rates ofR.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi had an annual increase.
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Objective To investigate the detection rate of impaired fasting glycaemia(IFG),the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)and related risk factors,the current situation on awareness,treatment and the rate of control on diabetes mellitus in residents living in Nangang district of Harbm city.Heilongiiang province.Methods A cross-sectional cluster sampling was carried out in residents aged over 35 years.1iving in Fendou community of Harbin city.Results Data from 3017 out of 3183 residents were analyzed.In men.women and overall residents,the detection rates of IFG were 5.38%.2.44% and 3.75%,respectively.After standardization,the detection rates became 5.41%,2.18%and 3.59%,respectively.The prevalence rates of DM were 12.40%,8.46%,10.21%and 11.80%,8.20%and 9.77%,before and after standardization.Results showed statistical difference between age.sex and levels of fasting glycaemia.Dam from single factor analysis revealed that smoking,BMI,hypertension and high triglyceride were risk factors on the levels of high fasting glycaemia.Results from multivariable stepwise analysis showed that sex,age,BMI,hypertension and high triglyceride were significant factors influencing the levels of high fasting glycaemia with the OR(95%CI)is 1.546(1.250-1.912),1.308 (1.171-1.461),1.038(1.010-1.066),1.388(1.106-1.741)and 1.700(1.370-2.110),respectively.The rates on awareness.treatment and control in DM were 73.38%,59.42%and 36.36%respectively.Among those who had knowledge on DM.the rates on treatment and on centrel were 80.97%and 61.20%.Conclusion Our results showed that the prevalence of DM was high in the communities and it is essential to further iIlcrease the awareness,treatment and conUol rates on DM.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between G894T(Glu298Asp) polymorphism in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)gene and essential hypertension in Chinese population from difierent regions.Methods Odds ratios(Ors) of G894T genotype and allele distributions in essential hypertension patients against healthy controls were analyzed.All the relevant studies were screened with poor-qualified studies eliminated.Meta-analysis software MIX(Meta-analysis with interactive explanations-version 1.71),was applied for investigating and analyzing heterogeneity among individual studies and summarizing the effects across studies,and the risk of publication bias was evaluated.Results A total of 1900 cases and 1216 controls from 10 studies were included.The heterogeneity between studies Was significant(P=0.013;P=0.011) and there were substantial sources of Publication bias(P=0.049;P=0.038).The pooled OR(with 95% CI) of GT+TT vs.GG genotype was 1.79(1.33-2.42)(Z=3.83,P<0.001),and the pooled OR (with 95% CI) of T vs.G allele Was 1.73(1.32-2.27)(Z=3.92,P<0.001).Conclusion In Chinese population,mainly the Hans ethnic group,894G→T mutation in the eNOS appeared to be related to essential hypertension.
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Objective To access the prevalence of prehypertensive stage and its associated risk factors in rural inhabitants from Lanxi county in Heilongjiang province.Methods Through cluster multistage and random sampling methods,local people aged≥15 years old in Lanxi county were selected.A survey on blood pressure and associated risk factors wasearried out.Overnight fasting blood specimen of people aged≥35 years old Was collected.Chi square test,t-test and logistic regression analyses were then performed.Results 5272 residents were surveyed including 2539 male and 2733 female subjects.The overall prevalence of prehypertension Was 36.34％.The prevalence of prehypertension appeared to be higher in males(39.50％)than in females(33.41％)(X2=58.9887,P<0.0001),The prevalence of prehypertension decreased with increasing age in men≥25 years old(x=96.0698,P<0.0001),and in women≥35 years old(X2=11.5784,p=0.0208).Data from multivariable logistic regression showed that being male.Aged(≥55 years old),with waist circumference As≥85 cm for men and≥80 cm for women.BMI≥25.0 kg/m2 and fasting plasma glucose≥7.0 mmol/L were risk factors of prehypertension while high.Density Iipoprotein cholesterol<0.9 mmol/L was shown as a protective factor(OR=0.740,P=0.0036).Dose-response relationships were seen between prehypertension and age,BMI and FPG.Conclusion Prehypertension Was popular in the rural area,with high prevalence seen in teenagers.Programs on prehypertension prevention should start from teenagers.Risk factors of prehypertension increased when people became age 55 or older.There was a need to monitot BP more often and to eontror BP through non-drug methods.
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Objective To investigate the current status of impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG),diabetes mellitus(DM) and correlated factors, as well as on the awareness, treatment and control rate of diabetes mellitus in rural residents of Lanxi, Heilongjiang. Methods Cross-sectional and cluster sampling method was carried out on 3480 residents over 35 years of age, in rural residents of Lanxi Pingshan,Heilongjiang province. Results To male, female and all, the detecting rate of IFG were 5.06%,4.38% and 4.68% respectively, and the standardization rate of IFG became 4.71%, 4.24% and 4.47% respectively. The prevalence rates of DM were 7.85%, 6.57% and 7.15% but after standardization, they became 7.22%, 6.62% and 6.80% respectively. Results did not show statistical difference between sex and the level of fasting glycaemia (χ2 = 2. 725, P = 0. 256). The prevalence rates of IFG and DM increased with age and difference was seen between age and fasting glycaemia level (χ2 = 58.115, P = 0. 000). Data from multivariable stepwise analysis showed that age, smoking, BMI and high triglyceride were the significant factors in fasting glycaemia level, and the ORs (95% CI) were 1. 518 ( 1. 360-1. 694), 1. 277(1.134-1.439),1.187(1.014-1.391) and 1.754(1.385-2.220) respectively. The rates of awareness,treatment and control rate in DM were 12.74%, 9.43% and 4.72% respectively while the treatment rate among those who knew the disease was 74.07%. Conclusion Our result showed that the isolating rate of IFG and the prevlence rate DM were high in this region, but the awareness, treatment and control rate in DM were low. It is essential to strengthen health promotion program on diabetic knowledge and to elevate the primary and secondary prevention in the rural of Heilongjiang,so as to raise the rate of control.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of C-344T in the promoter region and K173R in the exon 3 of aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) and the incidence of essential hypertension in a northern Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a case-control study including 182 hypertensive patients and 189 healthy controls in Harbin newspaper office and assayed the genotypes of C-344T and K173R using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing technology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distributions of C-344T and K173R genotype frequencies in men and women were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The differences of C-344T allele and genotype as well as K173R allele frequency distributions between hypertensive patients and healthy controls were not statistically significant in men and women and pooled population (P > or = 0.05). The difference of K173R genotype frequency distribution reached borderline significance (P = 0.0500) and was more pronounced in women (P = 0.0038) according to the dominant mode of inheritance. Moreover, the magnitude of this mode of inheritance was more remarkable after the confounding factors were adjusted. K173R statistically correlated with the systolic hypertension in women.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CYP11B2 K173R polymorphism correlates with the susceptibility of essential hypertension in the northern Chinese Han population.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Asian People , Case-Control Studies , Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 , Genetics , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Hypertension , Genetics , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the coping strategies of the community-based population in Shenzhen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 5,940 subjects from the communities in Shenzhen were sampled and tested with the Simplified Coping Style questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The most common coping strategies adopted by the community residents in Shenzhen were "consoling themselves" (33.1%) and "looking at the bright side of things" (31.4%), and the least adopted coping strategy was "relieving distress by smoking, drinking, taking medicine and eating" (57.8%); the strategies left out from their choices were mostly negative strategies. The scores for positive coping strategy factors of community residents in Shenzhen were greater than those of negative ones, with a mean difference of 0.43. The scores of both positive and negative coping strategy factors of these residents were significantly lower than those of general population in other mainland cities (P<0.001), with mean differences of 0.12 and 0.36, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The community residents in Shenzhen adopt mostly positive strategies for coping with frustration, which benefit their status of self-rated health.</p>